Ensuring that all people can afford a healthy, i.e. nutritious, balanced, moderate and diverse, diet is a prerequisite for ending malnutrition. Diet cost and affordability metrics are useful in revealing the systemic barriers people face to consuming healthy diets and can also be very helpful to identify important geographical and lifecycle related vulnerabilities. This seven-article special issue brings together insights and analysis from the World Food Programme's Fill the Nutrient Gap, an analytical process that captures subnational and intra-household variation in the cost and affordability of diets.